diff --git a/src/agents/failover-error.test.ts b/src/agents/failover-error.test.ts
index 413e9da8c..ec7e7a195 100644
--- a/src/agents/failover-error.test.ts
+++ b/src/agents/failover-error.test.ts
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ describe("failover-error", () => {
     expect(resolveFailoverReasonFromError({ status: 502 })).toBe("timeout");
     expect(resolveFailoverReasonFromError({ status: 503 })).toBe("timeout");
     expect(resolveFailoverReasonFromError({ status: 504 })).toBe("timeout");
+    // Anthropic 529 (overloaded) should trigger failover as rate_limit.
+    expect(resolveFailoverReasonFromError({ status: 529 })).toBe("rate_limit");
   });
 
   it("infers format errors from error messages", () => {
diff --git a/src/agents/failover-error.ts b/src/agents/failover-error.ts
index 5b3884b29..97cdd3ae6 100644
--- a/src/agents/failover-error.ts
+++ b/src/agents/failover-error.ts
@@ -178,6 +178,9 @@ export function resolveFailoverReasonFromError(err: unknown): FailoverReason | n
   if (status === 502 || status === 503 || status === 504) {
     return "timeout";
   }
+  if (status === 529) {
+    return "rate_limit";
+  }
   if (status === 400) {
     return "format";
   }