diff --git a/src/secrets/migrate.test.ts b/src/secrets/migrate.test.ts
index d55c44fcf..d4803b324 100644
--- a/src/secrets/migrate.test.ts
+++ b/src/secrets/migrate.test.ts
@@ -201,4 +201,16 @@ describe("secrets migrate", () => {
     const rolledBackEnv = await fs.readFile(envPath, "utf8");
     expect(rolledBackEnv).toContain("OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-openai-plaintext");
   });
+
+  it("uses a unique backup id when multiple writes happen in the same second", async () => {
+    const now = new Date("2026-02-22T00:00:00.000Z");
+    const first = await runSecretsMigration({ env, write: true, now });
+    await rollbackSecretsMigration({ env, backupId: first.backupId! });
+
+    const second = await runSecretsMigration({ env, write: true, now });
+
+    expect(first.backupId).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(second.backupId).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(second.backupId).not.toBe(first.backupId);
+  });
 });
diff --git a/src/secrets/migrate.ts b/src/secrets/migrate.ts
index 5d2bdc3c9..0c7fdc75a 100644
--- a/src/secrets/migrate.ts
+++ b/src/secrets/migrate.ts
@@ -129,6 +129,21 @@ function formatBackupId(now: Date): string {
   return `${year}${month}${day}T${hour}${minute}${second}Z`;
 }
 
+function resolveUniqueBackupId(stateDir: string, now: Date): string {
+  const backupRoot = resolveBackupRoot(stateDir);
+  const base = formatBackupId(now);
+  let candidate = base;
+  let attempt = 0;
+
+  while (fs.existsSync(path.join(backupRoot, candidate))) {
+    attempt += 1;
+    const suffix = `${String(attempt).padStart(2, "0")}-${crypto.randomBytes(2).toString("hex")}`;
+    candidate = `${base}-${suffix}`;
+  }
+
+  return candidate;
+}
+
 function parseEnvValue(raw: string): string {
   const trimmed = raw.trim();
   if (
@@ -778,7 +793,7 @@ export async function runSecretsMigration(
   }
 
   const now = options.now ?? new Date();
-  const backupId = formatBackupId(now);
+  const backupId = resolveUniqueBackupId(plan.stateDir, now);
   const backup = createBackupManifest({
     stateDir: plan.stateDir,
     targets: plan.backupTargets,